Saturday, March 12, 2016

Kayak: The Iqyax (Baidarka) Problem (MAE 593)

The Iqyax Problem, aka the Baidarka Problem. George Dyson framed this question in his paper on the Baidarka.  (Dyson and many others use the Russian or Ukrainian term 'baidarka.' The people who used this term were colonizing **** who banned fast kayak designs, enslaved, exploited, murdered... another nasty holocaust, so why use their term? The Unangan, Aleut people used the term iqyax for their amazing craft--I may spell it differently and make other errors, but I will argue that we should use their term. As I understand it iqyax is the same word as kayak or qajaq, etc... but is unique enough that it can be used to specifically denote the type of fast skin boats made by the Aleuts.

Reliable 18th century reports that Aleuts were paddling their iqyax at 10 sea miles, or 10 knots. The most reliable account is from Captain Cook's navigator.
Modern Olympic--world class--paddling speeds over 1000 and 2000 meters are about 12 knots. Apparently the Aleuts could keep these velocities for long distances.
Yes they were stronger. Archaeological studies of arm bone rugature, muscle attachment for Aleut male skeletons indicated that on average they had the strongest arms in history.
Dyson conjectured that to achieve these velocities the Aleuts probably were planing on the surface, like modern speedboats. If you've ever operated one, like a Bayliner, they're a bit sluggish starting out, but once they being planing on the surface less power is needed and they move a lot faster.
Dyson then calculated the energy needed to plane a kayak. Humans, strong humans, can do it, but not for very long. Even super strong humans--with history's strongest arms--can't do it for very long.
So, if the Aleuts accomplished this: How did they do it?

I've been trying to figure this out since 1992 when I George Dyson's article in Scientific American. I've been building kayaks since 2004. I was in a couple of Hobies a couple of times prior to building one that I launched in July 2005. I've been paddling and building since then. Something about Dyson's article connected.
A few years ago I came up with a few ideas. I gave myself a year to test them. If I wasn't able to test my conjectures I'd share my ideas.
Two things.
1. Kayak community blogs are an endless melange of 'hull speed', 'hull speed,' and a lot of 'gee whiz, what if...?' There's a lot of good information, but it seems to always dead end.
2. I confess that I'm in the 'gee whiz, what if...?' side of things, but not in a conspiracy theory perpetual motion tinfoil hat kind of way. (I hope)

Summer 2015 I felt compelled to finally build a skinboat. I'd previously made two wood strip kayaks, one 17' long 23" beam Great Auk Hull the other a 20' 17" beam Mystery. Both Guillemot, Nick Schade designs (but I always mess with the deck design, so I think he just shakes his head and hopes whatever I'm doing is not contagious. )
The 20' is about as fast as the 17'. I was warned, but I wanted to find out for myself.

Well I had to build a skin on frame someday and not just any SOF. I decided to build from "David Zimmerly's drawing of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnology's (St. Petersburg, Russia) kayak MAE 593-76 (1986:16, fig.16). It measures 19'1" long, 17" wide, and 8-3/8" deep to sheer"(Harvey Golden) http://www.traditionalkayaks.com/Kayakreplicas/MAE59376.html  

This is an iqyax from 1845 and as I understand is the closest known Aleut iqyax to the 10 knot iqyax of 50 years before. 
The Russian colonizers banned the super fast kayaks in about 1800,because they were faster than anything the Russians had--except bullets. So there are no good extent examples.

So here's my basic conjecture in a nut shell.
The four stringers of MAE 593 are not evenly spaced between the keelson and the gunwale. They seem to be bunched up close to the gunwale with a big gap between stringer #1 and the keelson. 
It is my conjecture that this gap allowed the sea lion skin to curve forming a scoop that ran the length of the craft. This scoop trapped or entrained water channeling it aft as the iqyax moved forward. Right underneath the paddler's position a subtle change in the stringer narrows this channel--this would force x amount of water into an x- (minus) cross section. It can't speed up very much so it lifts the craft right at it's center of mass (the paddler). 
The stringer/keelson channel then runs to the aft of the craft in a parallel.
 
Drawing not to scale. 
 Before I explain further, I would like to say that building my iqyax was a wonderful experience. I grew to loathe planing thin strips of wood and gluing them together--mostly because I wasn't any good at it. I've built many things, some beautiful furniture. A wood strip kayak, or boat, is a completely different task. I'm good with wood, with tools, but I lack patience. My assumption that I could quickly build a stripper is probably like saying, "I know how to saw wood, so I'll bet I can quickly learn to play the violin." 

There are few objects as beautiful as a well made wooden strip kayak, Giotto comes to mind-but not much else, so if you have the patience--get started--you won't regret it. (I don't regret it, I'm just more interested in the paddling it than the building.)  
The parallel frustration building a skin-on-frame craft is steam bending. I eventually bent 40 ribs and then Corey Friedman said, just heat up water in a metal rain gutter...Probably a good idea to take the class. It'll be cheaper and quicker and your iqyax will track straighter.

Everything else was fun.  Sewing the skin? I loved sewing the skin. I look for projects that might require the type of sewing a skinboat requires. I watched Corey Friedman's videos dozens of times. I wore my sinew-calluses proudly and miss them.
My ideas and conjectures changed markedly as I made my iqyax. (If you happened to have followed David Hockney's Secret Knowledge book, Vermeer's Camera, etc... you may also have noticed that it was academics and not painters who argued against the use of camera obscura, mirrors, lenses, etc... I've worked with artists. Malcolm X saying "By any means necessary," he probably got from an artist. All the worriers on TV about Y2K disaster it was pointed out to me were consultants, not one of them was a coder. The coders were saying, "Ah, this is what we spend most of our time doing, fixing code. It's a two week problem.") 
Hands on is always best. History was hands on. 

Further explanation: 
1. Extent kayaks in museum collections appear to be in rough shape. Inuit and Aleut kayaks are living forms (and male BTW). The skins are replaced every year, the thin strips of wood lashed together will move and bend over the years. Wood that was once flexible is now brittle. So MAE 593 might have been a superfast and the design trick is too subtle to be obvious in a 160 year old museum specimen. 
2. The superfast iqyax were banned by about 1800, so we might not have any physical evidence available anywhere. (Though I'm hoping Robert Ballard searches the coldest depths of the Bering Sea...)
Now on me:
3. I don't know the difference between the properties of sea lion skin and ballistic nylon.
4. Therefor I cannot claim to be able to describe what the 'channel or scoop' would be like.
5. I don't have the math skills to figure out what physically happens to X cross section of water moving at 6-10 knots down a channel of unknown dimension reaching a point where the channel narrows to X– cross section. The result is basically a lift versus drag situation. 
6. I'm 60 years old. In pretty good shape, a pretty good paddler... but I'm still old.
 There's a lot I don't know. 
The iqyax I built has a tendency to turn left, which I've trimmed with a rudder. This increases drag. My iqyax is not very fast. 3.3 knots is typical. (In my Mystery and Great Auk, 4.3 knots consistently). 
I was hoping that I might detect some of the effect I'm after, but I'm just too slow. The best way for someone like me to test my idea would be with models in a tank. I've got a 21' tank, I've figured out how to tow models, measure, etc... but I haven't done it. 

Related aspects to my conjecture:
I think the superfast iqax is basically designed to 
1. be narrow and have a small cross section (basic features of a fast kayak)
2. Many if not most of it's specific design features are to support the channeling of water down the stringer #1 keelson scoops.
3. It's hinged keelson is designed to keep the whole length in the water at design depth, so the scoop intake near the bow is in the water, and the channeled water exits near the stern. 
4. Overall the iqyax is to be extremely flexible. To support this, its deck is flat, it's depth (height) is shallow. (a thin piece of wood is more flexible than a thick one)
5. The loose rocks known to be carried inside, I think were positioned fore and aft of the hinged keelson to keep the bow and the stern in the water at 'design depth' to most effectively channel water.
(Ballast in a kayak if you've ever used it, is best very low down and near the center of gravity--where you are sitting. BTW the best and cheapest stuff to use are iron weight lifting plates. ) 

6. The split bow. The lower jaw of the split bow may have worked like a bulbous bow, it's meant to be under the surface-but there are no extent designs that do this. The upper and lower split bows as extent examples seem to indicate slide past each other--allowing more flexibility.
Evidence? I've been paddling my iqyax for months and I've never been able to 'hook' anything in the open split. I have a design using piano wire to fix the problem of picking up weeds, but I don't need it. I've even tried paddling right into weeds and kelp and I haven't hooked anything. Drawings of the Aleut iqyax often show baleen protecting the open split. If their bows were under the surface this would be necessary. 
I also feel fairly certain that one of  the purposes of the split bow is to have a lot of buoyancy at the top, and a very narrow entry at the bottom. I'm betting that sea lion skin stitched to make the concave shape would have problems, the stitches would stretch open... This may have been one path to the overall design.

So how did the Aleuts empirically come up with the superfast iqyax design?
The split bow. Narrow bows were faster, but narrow bows would sink in an oncoming wave or swell. More buoyancy was needed. They may have tried lashing floats to the top of the bow, but... that didn't work. The split bow did. 
The split bow then offers the possibility of a more vertically flexible craft. This in turn if discovered to be more effective led to the invention of the hinged keelson. 

Here I step into the history of science. We moderns tend to think that others slowly developed new designs over hundreds and thousands of years. I think the Aleut Iqyax has so many unique features, like the hinged keelson, that it indicates that observant paddlers noticed certain features of kayaks were better and then began to pursue these features and ideas in a disciplined way. 
The standard 'wonderful' kayak design is widespread across the arctic. It's the big Hudson Bay 'station wagon,' or 'soccer mom van' Nanook paddles in Nanook of the North. It's stable, seems sturdy, and there's plenty of room inside for his child, a couple of dogs, his two wives and the baby. Kayak designs only begin to have specific capabilities when you get to Greenland, the Aleutians, (others know more about this than I). Overall? A kayak just has to be stable, have room inside for family and stuff, and not be too large to be unmanageable in the wind.  So I think when you get to Greenland and the Aleutians, people started to consciously invent, test, make changes. Also it was typical to replace the skin on a kayak every year. Once you get down to the wooden frame you can change things. 
Another factor might be like my iqyax, it veers to the left. If I remove my skin and fix the problem, I will have to sew on a new skin and re-coat, about $300. If an Inuit, Eskimo or Aleut had this problem, they could take out the stitches, fix the problem and sew the same skin back on. 
Suppose you start fixing ribs. Are they likely to get longer? Not a chance, wood doesn't stretch. They are more likely to get shorter. This makes for a narrower and shallower craft, which will be faster.  So, annual re-skinning invites modifications, ease of taking it apart to make repairs, invites further modification and lowers the cost of trying out radical ideas. 

I think that trying to figure out how the superfast Aleut iqyax was invented might lead to a better understanding of pre-modern inventiveness that is probably worldwide. (Have you seen Wally Wallington's videos of him moving multi-ton blocks of concrete by himself? I suggest that the Mayans, the Egyptians, Rapanui-ans, and my ancestors at Stonehenge  had all of their schemes scaled up because an old carpenter like Wally, said, 'Hey, why don't you try it like this...' suddenly they could move stones 10 or 100 times larger and more easily than could the day before. We haven't figured this out yet because there was no YouTube. Instead we think bigger stones more guys pulling on more ropes.... Also look at the PBS Nova program about raising an Egyptian Obelisk. The brilliant engineer (and academic) missed something no framing carpenter would've missed. The timber framer figured out a practical, efficient and reasonably safe way to raise the obelisk. I think it's now considered solved that the people on Rapanui (Easter Island) 'walked' the giant heads to where they were displayed. Polynesian-Wally. )

NOTE: If you read some of my other blog entries you will notice that my iqyax has outriggers. I'm not sure anyone could paddle it as designed without them. I'm willing to let someone, like a surf ski paddler, try. I may have more hours paddling an 1845 MAE 593 than anyone (since 1845) only because of the outriggers.

OK, this is unedited, needs more images..... but for now...
  

Thursday, March 3, 2016

Incomplete Biography of My Father Clarence Nettles

Tuesday, March 1, 2016
 
Clarence Clyde Nettles, also known as Bosey. My father and the father of Nancy and Douglas.
This is overlong, as it should be. A life that ends naturally, in old age is not itself overlong, but its events are many. They ordered by only chronology and the participation of one individual. It would be easy to praise and to make things larger, but words spoken in remembrance that are not true have no value. The great and somber eulogies of the great and the mighty are invariably dangerous lies for they never include all the bodies and harm most people deemed historical have left in the wake of their crimes.
This is also subject to my memory which is as fallible as I am. It is open to correction, addition and completion.

Clarence was Born Aug *, 1932 in a farm house on Pine Hill Road Orangeburg County.
Family later moved to the Neeses farm. Dad said that after the harvest his father went to pay Dr Williams the rent for the year but Doc Williams said ‘This will make a good down payment on the land.”

The pecan orchard I think was already there. The crops grown on this farm were cotton, peanuts, watermelons, soy beans, okra and probably many others.
As a child Clarence said he never got to go to town. He mentioned an accident with one of his brothers and a .22 rifle which left a small scar in his forehead.

He said that during the Depression they were about as poor as most people were at that time. During World War Two his brother Woodrow went in the army as was a mechanic and served in Italy. Clarence wanted to become a waist gunner on a B-17, but the war end before he’d turned 13.  B-25s from the nearby military air field used to fly low over the farm. I wondered the other day what WWII looked like to my dad, I doubt they had magazines or many newspapers. They probably had a radio, though I can’t remember him saying anything about it. During the war German POWs were shipped over to the U.S. and Canada in the empty Liberty Ships. It guaranteed the safety of the ships and got the prisoners to places with more food and that were nearly impossible to escape from. Where were they gonna go? Georgia?
So they would march these POWs around to the farms to do labor, pick cotton, weed, plant. One guy spoke good English and talked to young Clarence. He’d lived on a farm in Germany and liked chopping wood. So my dad let him chop wood. 
It was also during the war, I think 1942, his father Henry Nettles, in his fifties had a heart attack and died.

He told a story once that the ruts in the dirt roads were so deep a driver could just take his hands off the wheel and the ruts would guide an old Model T.  He once demonstrated this on a back road at Proud Lake, where we went camping. He turned the lights off the L&M Lumber carpenter van; in total darkness the ruts tracked the wheels. I don’t know how turning the lights off had anything to do with the tracking. I guess it worked whether you could see it or not. We slept by the campfire that night in blankets, rolling over frequently to warm-up our cold sides.

The family first lived in a small wooden house his dad had built on top of stones piled up to lift it off the ground. I don’t remember seeing any motar. Later another house was built to the north. His mom lived there until the mid 1960s when Clarence took his family down for a two week visit while he framed out a house near the road for his sister Edna. Grandma lived there for the rest of her life.
Grandma’s house has a tin roof. Like in Michigan you could see rain coming, on Grandma’s front porch we watched the rain coming in over the pecan orchard. When it reached the house it pattered on the corrugated tinroof.
While Clarence was building Edna’s house next to the road we ran around on the farm. Uncle Woodrow had a big jackknife and carried a salt shaker in his shirt pocket. Doug and I each carried a big spoon in our pockets. When we wanted some watermelon three or four times each day, we’d pick one off the pile. Woodrow would cut it in half, sprinkle some salt on it. We’d eat on it awhile and then toss the rest to the pigs and watch them gobble it up. The pigs were in a pen where they could wallow to keep cool. They also had a patch in the trees where they could root. They were contained in this area with an electrified wire about a foot or so off the ground. The first time we crossed this wire Douglas reached down and touched it. He got shocked. I guess the pigs got a kick out of this, because twice more when we cut across a corner of their area, they’d be about twenty feet away paying us no mind. As soon as Doug got half a step away from the wire they’d all turn around and snort–Doug would jump right into the wire and get shocked. Pigs are smart, clever and apparently have a nasty sense of humor. They also have perfect timing. They nailed Doug twice.
Woodrow would walk us out to the field where we pulled up a few peanut plants, pick the peanuts off the roots. In the kitchen someone would wash them off then put them on the stove to boil. Goober peas, very tasty.

When I was in college we drove down twice over Thanksgiving. We stopped by the Salley Chitlin Strut twice, but my dad said he couldn’t believe anybody could properly clean and cook a couple thousand pounds of chitlins, so we never ate any. On one trip the license plate of his truck made the national TV news. 
We visited the General Store in North, on the main street. Inside were 3-4 old men sitting around a potbellied stove shooting the breeze. The shelves behind the counter were full of shoes. I completely forgot about this until ten years ago I walked into a museum display about Maya Angelou. There was a General Store. I had been trying to behave myself and not talk too much, but as soon as I saw the museum General Store I blurted out, “Where’s the shoes? There’s supposed to be shoes on the shelves behind the counter..” I think somewhere between North and then I’d read about General Stores and the shoe display. So much is gone, or in ruins or just waiting.
On my last trip with Bazyl; Clarence, Jeremy stopped at the old cotton gin near the road junction. Clarence told us that he once spent the night there with one of his brothers. The gin had a break down, their cotton hadn’t been ginned of seeds, bailed and weighed, so they stayed with it until the next day when it was fixed and their crop processed.



Clarence dropped out of high school during or after the 11th grade to join the Air Force.
In the Air Force, “They pulled all the colored guys and me out of the line and made us all cooks.”
He was in the Air Force for one enlistment. Stationed in Texas, Mather Field near Sacramento, California and Selfridge AFB in Michigan. This was during the Korean War. We asked him what he’d done in the war. He said he made sandwiches for the crews flying over there. He said he never flew in an airplane the whole time he was in the Air Force. Trains and buses only.


During a weekend pass he met Clara Jean  at the Lafayette Coney Island restaurant in downtown Detroit. There’s a famous Coney Island in Detroit. The one they met at is right next door.
Clarence at this time looked a lot like the young Elvis Presley. This wasn’t much of an advantage because Elvis wouldn’t be famous for another couple of years.

They eloped. I think in Toledo, Ohio. When Jean’s parents,  Catherine (Roman)  and Charles  found out, they were not happy. Clarence quickly became a Catholic, he’d been a Baptist, and they were married in Our Lady Queen of Apostles in Hamtramck on Conant Street. Clarence and Jean lived upstairs in the attic bedroom of Charles and Busha’s house at 5093 Prescott Ave in Detroit (about 250 feet from the Hamtramck line). Clarence found work as a carpenter.
(Catherine Kate, was Busha to us and Charles, JaJa was grandpa. Babushka is Polish for grandmother, Busha is American baby for the Polish word. )

Nancy was born in 1953, (me) William (Randy) in 1955 and Douglas in 1957.
Clarence made quick progress as a carpenter. He learned quickly and got good at it.
When I asked him about dropping out of high school he said the only regret he had was “I wanted to learn Algebra.”
I found this strange, so I asked him, “You’re building a house, it’s 50 feet long, how many floor joists?”
He immediately said 38. “OK, how’d you come up with that?
“3/4 times the length + 1.”
“You just did Algebra. You’ve been doing it your whole life.”
“Where’s the ‘x’?”
“The x is the length of the house, the y is the answer.”
“Well I’ll be.”
I’m sure he could’ve aced high school Algebra. As a carpenter he’d been doing Algebra everyday all day.
He could show you how to read and use a framing square like it was a computer. He knew to an absolute certainty how to layout rafters quickly and accurately. He’d  then gang the boards together, cut them all at once, so they would meet dead center in the middle of a house, the beak cut outs would fit the top plates--and overhang  was even, the angle cut plumb. If there was a soffit, the tails were already cut for that. This is really really hard to do. I’ve done it a few times but, I never it did fast and I usually had to do a lot of fussing. When Clarence did it, the ridge was straight, the tails were all even. A 1-by facia board could be nailed to them and be arrow straight.
I used to hang gutters with him. I’ve lived in California for more than 30 years, I’ve fixed a lot of gutters. I don’t think I’ve ever seen a gutter in California that was properly pitched.
He had a couple of old aluminum body Porter Cable saws. They’d remove the guards and cut off the shoe plate past the blade. This is so they could cut the lower plate out of a door opening flush with the first stud. It also made the saws dangerous. I ‘borrowed’ one from him, knowing I would keep it as a family heirloom. I have a faded scar on my right leg where it jumped back out of a piece of wet lumber I was using to build a loft bed for a couple of punk rockers in New York City in 1979. I took a cab to the hospital got a few stitches and ent back and finished the bed.
These saws had high RPM, inadequate brakes. My dad would use his fingers on the side of the blade to stop it from spinning. It’s an heirloom-there’s about 20 things you need to know to safely operate one. I was missing at least one. When he had to use a handsaw he was good there too, knew how to sharpen them. The Porter-Cable was the first widely used power saw.
What I learned about carpentry from my dad was primarily that all of it was possible. He’d just do it or if he’d not done that particular job before, he’d figure it out. Every time I swing a hammer I was trying to seing it like him. I would do little things, tree houses, fix things at my grandmother’s house. In college I was working a minimum wage job in the cafeteria loading the Hobart dishwasher. I suddenly realized that I had  skills, I was a carpenter, handyman. I started calling up landlords. I went from $3.25 an hour to $8.
In 1991 we built a darkroom in my backyard. He wanted to try a gambrel barn roof, so we made one of those.
In 1993 he helped me frame out the kitchen extension I added to our house.

There was a building boom in the 1950s, Clarence framed a lot of houses, later he built apartment buildings.  I don’t know when he started running crews as foreman, but it couldn’t have been very long after he started.
My dad told me a few stories about building projects on the farm and while he was in the Air Force. I can’t remember what they were.
Some people can figure things out, others learn a job and do that job. My dad figured things out.
When I got my DNA analyzed for genealogy, I learned that some of my dad’s ancestors reached England 8000 years ago. They walked, the English Channel was dry land. When I learned that the name Nettles comes from a small hill settlement, near an iron age fort, in Wiltshire called Nettle-comb-tout I saw that it was about 40 miles from Stonehenge. The connection is simple, we built Stonehenge.

What everyone who knew him will remember is when he drove anywhere he’d wave his arm to point out all the many jobs he’d done in the vicinity.
After a couple of years living at Busha’s house, our family moved to a cinderblock house on Long Avenue in the NE corner of Livonia Michigan. I think I remember the house as looking ugly to me even when I was a baby. We had a swing set, a dog named C**, an old Ford–that got stolen. All of these memories have a strange baby twist to them. I remember Nancy, Doug-maybe, and me looking out the storm door window at the driveway.
Later my parents bought a pink Rambler. They didn’t want pink, I guess few other people wanted one either, so they got a deal. Clarence and Old Man Joe, decided to fix the car by spray painting it powder blue in Joe’s garage. Old Man Joe was always joking around, once he mashed an overripe cantaloupe on cap my dad was wearing that Joe thought silly. He would instruct by pointing and repeating, “Do dat, do dat, do dat.” Ff you did dat right, he’d let you know, “dere you is.”
My dad drove stumpy little vans owned by his employers, when he was ready to take on more of his own jobs he bought used a black 1965 Ford pick-up truck with a 289 V-8 Engine. This engine alone made it exactly like a Ford Mustang, except it was still a pick-up truck. By my father’s sensibility and my own, this made better than a Mustang. I remember riding to jobs, my feet up on the metal dash--no seat belts listening to WEXL country music in Detroit.
When that died in 1973, he bought a new powder blue Ford pick-up. I resurrected the old black Ford, propped up the rusted out bed with 2x4s, installed salvaged seat belts and started driving it to school. I’d fly into the dirt student parking lot and slide into a space. Very Road Warrior. Another kid told me he had been too embarrassed to drive his pick-up to school until I’d made pick-ups truck seem cool. Cool? It worked, gas was cheap and I had the keys. From a life of experiences exactly like this, I realized that although my dad often seemed difficult to get along with, his skills and willingness to figure out how to do things made him interesting and attractive, but only to people practical and smart enough to understand. Everybody else didn’t much matter.
My parents argued a lot, too much, but they appreciated their complementary strengths. Clarence could build it or fix it, Jean could take care of the paper work and organize the politics. A dog I left her with got out of the yard on Five Mile and fell in with a delinquent. When the dog catcher picked them up they’d murdered a chicken, which grew in importance from a child’s pet to a prize rooster as the court date neared. Mom said that judge just kept looking at her, trying to remember where he’d seen her before. Probably mayor Harvey Moltke campaigns. “I guess he finally decided I must be somebody, because he turned around, cut the chicken owner off with ‘it’s against ordinance to keep poultry within the city. Case dismissed.’

In 1959, I think, Clarence and Jean made a deal with a developer who was building a subdivision on what had been a farm in Livonia between Five Mile Road and Bell Creek (Says Bell Creek on the map. Everybody I ever heard mention it just called it ‘the Creek’.)  The deal was that Clarence would framed the house as part of the downpayment. The house was at 15932 Brentwood Ave, Livonia, Michigan. The family that moved in next door  were the Duthies, five children. They became our friends..
 Clarence fixed up the basement, built a garage. When a large tree in the backyard died I remember him and some friends digging out the stump.
While we were living in that house Clarence worked on and off for Walter Shoshaki (sp?) who owned L&M Lumber. Later my dad ran a framing crew building an apartment complex in Westwood for Kaufman & Broad. Later I worked for Eli Broad photographing his art collection.
I remember going with my dad out to some jobs, always on a weekend. One place was just the deck of a house, no walls yet. He walked around and pointed out where all the rooms would be and how he thought it could be done better. I thought of this later when I learned about spatial reasoning. We were standing on the deck of this house discussing rooms that weren’t even there. I don’t remember the details, but I do remember understanding how his changes would turn hallway space into larger bedrooms. Clearly I was his son and that it was no surprise that our ancestors had built Stonehenge.

Other jobs he’d take me on where remodeling basements, putting up paneling, drop ceilings, installing a bar. Others were kitchen remodels, replacing the old painted wooden cabinets with new ones faced in Formica. We’d go to these cabinet shops that were all clouds of particle board dust stinking of formaldehyde glue,  burnt plastic and contact cement solvent.  On one job my dad was installing trim molding along the floor. He’d ask me for a tool but was so focused on what he was doing he’d stutter and say the wrong thing. Like say, ‘screwdriver’ when he wanted the chisel. I’d hand him the screwdriver. He’d get mad. “Goddamit, you should know what I want and have it ready.” After that, even before he got the chance to ask I’d hand him what he was about to ask for. OK. Then I started handing what he needed next before he’d even thought about it. This pissed him off; what could he say?
People seemed to be angry all the time. Angry seemed normal. It doesn’t solve anything, I think some people can’t even imagine not being pissed off at something or someone. It was like everything in life could be better if only you would be better.
Drinking. Everybody seemed to drink. I remember other moms coming over to the house, or my mom going to their house and it was always, “Hi hon, want a highball?’ I remember big parties where some guy, not the same guy, just another one of those guys who was supposed to be ‘on the wagon,’ or ‘he’s cutting down, only one drink.’ Of course you know the rest. When I attended AA meetings many years later with a friend, I had two reactions, first, almost everything the members said I was already familiar with. Nobody with a drinking problem ever ‘cuts down’ or has ‘only one.’ My second reaction was happy amazement to be in a room full of ex-drunks. I never thought I would see the day.
My dad got in a lot of trouble because of drinking. He drank a lot, but he wasn’t an alcoholic. If he hung out with drunks, he’d drink. He would go to bars, come home really late, drunk and get in a big fight with Jean. Once when I was in college I was sent to the Birdcage Bar on Fenkell to find him to tell him something. He was sitting with an old Polish guy wearing a ridiculous green plaid suit, little Swiss Hat. “Hey, let me  introduce you to my son. He goes to the University of Michigan.”
The old guy looks me up and down,  “Nah, he’s not so smart. I’m smarter than he is.”
And I thought, why would my dad want to hang out with a fool like this instead of with his family?

Doug told me later that our mom started drinking when we were in junior high school. I didn’t have any idea until my last year or two of high school. She was an alcoholic. She couldn’t stop.
I came up with a mostly goofy, but practical idea. There are people in the world who should never drink alcohol. It’s a long list. It pretty much includes every type of person on the planet except maybe Swedes and the Swiss. Since then I learned that some Swedes are binge drinkers and I’m not even sure about the Swiss. Of course this list includes my dad, me. When he would go to South Carolina he would be around his family who didn’t drink, so he didn’t drink. He told Jeremy recently that moving down to South Carolina and not drinking probably saved his life. He was happily surprised he reached 80 years old. 

After several good years Clarence and Jean wanted to build a bigger and better house. Because Clarence was such a good carpenter, the thinking was sweat-equity would cut the cost. This idea became the house at 15942 Harrison Road, just around the corner from the Brentwood house. My dad designed it and drew up the plans.
The lot was 100’ wide, the house was 70’ long. Full basement. We used to ride bicycles in it. Beautiful house. Of course it took longer and cost more than they’d planned. 
Within a couple of years of moving in work was slow, money was tight. A lot of arguments.
Clarence tried to run a business digging trenches for foundations and waterlines. He bought a machine. Business can be difficult. I’ve only recently learned that the only way to succeed in a business is to learn from a mentor. Working hard, figuring it out, using your own money...usually isn’t enough.
 I remember some big fights. My whole childhood I remember fighting. I remember thinking it was all pretty pointless.

I guess the house payments were too much, we had to sell that house and move to another smaller house on Five Mile Road. The fights continued, my dad lived somewhere else part of the time. My family just couldn’t get along. My dad went to work for Burroughs Computers. He did repairs and maintenance, was friends with the guys he worked with.

Frequently during this time, Clarence was living somewhere else, Nancy had an apartment, I went to college, then New York City. Only Doug was still living in the house with our mother. Right after I came back from two years in Montreal, on my way to California, Christmas 1981 she died at home from sclerosis of the liver.
Clarence moved back in and started to fix up the place to sell it. He fell on a ladder on the front porch breaking his back. Horrible pain. He was airlifted to the University of Michigan hospital. The pain was so bad he said he repeatedly ask them to just kill him. He made a slow recovery.
He said that the doctors told him he would never walk again, but “I showed ‘em.” I seem to remember that he could’ve done more physical therapy but didn’t. He hobbled around with a cane the rest of his life. After he sold the house he moved down to the farm for the rest of his life. I think over the course of my dad’s 83 years, he lived away from South Carolina for only 34 years.
When he moved back, he had a trailer moved to where it now sits, about 100 feet from the house his father built in the 1930s when they moved to the farm.

We went on a few trips. Niagara Falls, around Michigan, South Carolina. He used to take Doug and me fishing on this little lake. You’d put $5 through a slot and take out a row boat. I don’t think we ever caught anything. It was just sitting in the rowboat. Very relaxing. We also went ice fishing. There was no capilene or fleece, we’d wear this worthless cotton long-johns with panty-hose underneath. The panty-hose was warm. We caught a few fish. My dad was a great carpenter, terrible fisherman. Didn’t matter. When I went fishing with Busha, we’d be on the water at 5 am, three hooks and be pulling up these small pan fish. It was all work. With my dad it was more like meditation.
When he came out to California to visit his fourth grandchild, we took a few trips. Through the gold rush country and then down Owens Valley. We drove all the way to Mendicino to see redwoods. “I made a lot of decks out of redwood lumber, I wanted to see the trees,” he was telling the guy who lived two doors away from us in Los Angeles. Mitch jerks his thumb over his shoulder, “This is a redwood.” But it wasn’t big.
My dad ended any interest in the Republican Party when we were on our way to Yosemite National Park and the Republicans in Congress shut down the government and closed all federal land.  He and I took my dog Spike up to Whitney Portal and then to Death Valley. If it’s old and rusty and people worked hard with it or around it, we were interested.
Candace, my wife’s father, insisted we borrow his Lincoln to drive down to Mexico. My dad asked, “So where’s the border?” It was right next to the road. He then wondered if the people standing around were waiting for nighttime to cross. “Let’s ask.” So I pulled over. My dad thought we were nuts.
A guy walked over, sure, he was crossing tonight. Had a job and family; had returned to Mexico to visit family. It’s harder to cross now. My dad had learned that a lot of people in Los Angeles crossed the border. Undocumented people are far less likely to commit crimes than citizens, so living near them or hanging out on the border with this is pretty safe.
When Doug visited Los Angeles people would speak to him in Spanish. We never realized until then that he looked Latino. I showed my students a picture of Doug when he was about 12 years old. “That looks like Walter!” they all shouted.  I’m near certain, but as yet unable to prove, that we are part American Indian, Catawba Sioux. (This is a group of American Indians who met DeSoto in about 1540 in the Rockhill, SC area. They are also the Indians who in 1568 wiped out the early Spanish fort San Juan near the Catawba village of Joara in what later became North Carolina. They spoke the Sioux language, same as the plains Indians that included Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. We built Stonehenge, but it was our cousins who wiped out Custer.) This is also based on how my dad, my brother Doug and other family members look. Asians have often asked me about my cheek bones and facial structure because they recognize something Asian.  My dad had Asian/American Indian sweat. He could work a full day in the heat and come home smelling  a bit salty from his sweat, and  of sawdust. I learned later that Asians and American Indians don’t get stinky as fast as Europeans. Doug and Clarence usually smelled better. I start stinking after 8 hours.
As well there are many oral stories passed down in disperate branches of the Nettles family. I also think that we are very likely part African-American. This never talked about. In Orangeburg there is a term for this, ‘brass ankles,’ meaning tri-racial.
All of this most likely happened between 1629 when the Nettles arrived in Gloucester County Virginia and Bacon’s Rebellion 1676. During these early years of English colonization there were very few English, ‘white,’ women in the colony. The population consisted of English, English indentured servants (white men working for a period of years to pay for their passage to the New World after which they could start their own farms,) African slaves and American Indians. During this time the social barriers between both classes and races were less rigid than they would be later.
I wonder if my dad’s complaint that ‘I never got to go to town’ and being made a cook in the Air Force wasn’t because somebody thought he was too close to the color line.

About 15 years ago my family and Clarence  drove around South Carolina looking for Nettles history. We went all over. In Camden--I wanted to speak to a Bill Nettles, he directed me to another Bill Nettles  and Bill Nettles, Jr at Nettles’ Cleaners.
My dad was in the car grousing, “What’s he doing in there? You can’t just walk up to people and start bothering them….”
I was inside meeting Bill, Jr.  “Hey dad, someone wants to meet you. This is another William Nettles.”
“Oh my God and he’s white. How’d that happen?” Oh, yeah he’s a relative.
When I got back in the car I got chewed out for my impertinence. When he finally let up I told him what I’d learned. As soon as he got back to his trailer, he was on the phone to his sister Edna telling her what we’d found out.

We poked around a lot of graveyards, Genealogy is pretty interesting until you realize it does just go backwards, it spreads outwards. Plus it’s not just people named Nettles, it’s Hunt, Hughes, Williams, and that’s just Clarence’s grandparents. Nettles is not so bad because there aren’t many people named Nettles, not compared to Williams. At the Kershaw House we learned about Captain William and brother Solomon Nettles and what they did in the American Revolution.
On James Island less than a couple of hundred yards from Fort Sumter we visited the remnants of Fort Johnson. This is where my dad’s great grandfather David Nettles had served in the Confederate Army as a ‘mechanic’ and where he died of Typhoid Fever in January 1865. My dad said no one in the family had ever learned the details of what had happened to him. In his trailer will be a couple of water worn bits of brick–fragments of Fort Johnson.  The big tree and brick building in the upper left corner of the photo collage is the powder magazine that is still there.

I’d better finish wrap this up. I’m sure there’s a lot missing and I know I’ll remember something important later. Please share your memories, (correct mine) and get them written down. I’ve got genealogy, we’re having my dad’s DNA tested, we’ll know more about our ancestry including what percentage Neanderthal we are! I’ll share whatever I have with the family.

Rest in peace dad.

Thank you. I learned a lot from you, the good, the brave, and from your mistakes as it is the duty and responsibility of every child.

Love,
William



Saturday, February 27, 2016

Iqyax Update (MAE 593)

The Iqyax, from David Zimmerly's drawing of MAE-593,  is done, floats, paddles. I started this but FireFox crashed, so I probably lost some of it. Definitely lost some writing. Later.

Tentative






The  split bow. The piece running horizontally may not be historically correct, but it does 'fair' the line to the second stringer. The First Stringer (lowest) starts farther back. 
Aft. Should be nothing unusual here. If you look close you can see how I bolted the drain fitting to the Aft-board. See below for more info on the drain. I split and reglued the aft-board because it was warping.
The Ballistic Nylon, coating and sewing materials came from Corey Freidman of the Skinboat store and workshop. Great skin boat builder, teacher, supplier, resource. I watched his videos dozens of times. I really loved sewing the skin.  I think I used the 850 Ballistic Nylon skin. Great stuff.


My Iqyax is done, I've been paddling it.


 The coaming turned out nice, actually the second coaming turned out nice.

Without the outriggers (ama) it's too tippy.
The outriggers work great, are really lightweight and do not sit in the water all the time. Just the poles and the floats stabilize the Iqyax, instead of being jittery it's just tippy. Major change. Many kayaks could benefit from this style outrigger. You get stability, safety but very little increased drag.

I'll try to add some photos.

Alamitos Bay Beach, The outriggers, rudder parked. I can reach back and adjust the outriggers from the cockpit. I first planned to have two outrigger poles (iako) and I designed my floats (ama) for two or three. These are the third set of floats I've made. They usually just 'kiss' the water instead of ride in it. If I get going, lean to one side to plant the float, I don't turn in that direction. They are tall. I wanted the volume to be at least as much as a good paddle float so that if I need to use them for reentry I wouldn't have a problem.
NOTE: buoyancy and floats. We've all pushed a beach ball below the surface, and it popped up and smashed us in the face. Most of us have a 'common sense' understanding that the more you sink something buoyant, the more it pushes up. What is not 'common sense' or intuitive is that once a float is submerged--the push-up increase stops. Whatever force is needed to push it under is all the force needed to move it anywhere underwater. Suppose you have a float that provides 22 pounds of buoyancy, (this is 10 kg which means that it has 10 liters of volume and doesn't weigh very much, 10 liters is about 10 quarts). If you attach 22 pounds of weight to it, then it will be 'neutrally buoyant' meaning any more weight will sink it. Once something is neutrally buoyant, very little additional force will be able to make it sink to the bottom of the ocean or keep it near the surface. For an outrigger, this means that once you've submerged it--going all the way around is easy. If you need that float, it needs to be more than what you need it for.  (If this isn't clear, let me know. Might save your life.)

This is the 'pretty picture' none of the add on stuff that keeps me from drowning. Weighs about 45 pounds. As pictured without outriggers: Aleut Suicide Machine. (At some point I'll find a young paddling prodigy and let him put this fella through his paces. [Oh, you didn't know? kayaks, iqyax are male.]

I had to install a rudder. Something is amiss with the hull, the Keelson looks dead straight, but the iqyax turns in a big left circle about 100 meters in diameter. Pretty bad. I'm embarrassed to have to confess this. I use the rudder as trim, I've got two lines running to it and held in jam cleats. It's a bit cumbersome setting it, but once set I can leave it until I change direction and encounter different currents, etc...)

So far it's kind of a slow craft. I was 4.3 knots consistently in my Great Auk, 17' 23" beam. And about the same in my Mystery 20' 16" beam (but no GPS just times over the same routes). The iqyax seems to be about 3.3 knots. This is all smooth ocean, light winds. I'm not in as good a shape as I was a few years ago, but I'm not a slug, so....I also might be running the iqyax off beam through the water because of the turning problem and the rudder correction. I think I've demonstrated (but not proved) that skin boats can be as fast as solid hulls. But I'm not even close to figuring out what the Aleuts were able to do.
Below is the drain I put at the aft end on top. It's 1" PVC a threaded male fitting, bolted to the the vertical aft-board--right through the center of the fitting and nutted on the other side of the aft-board. This works really well!  I keep a few of the caps in my car. I just need to make a piano wire retaining clip, around the bolt inside and right through the center of the cap. This drains the hull really well. I'll install this on my wooden yaks when I get to it. Better than the little black one with the two screws. The rubber padding is just 1/4" yoga mat. Great stuff. I just cut a slightly smaller hole in the ballistic nylon and stretched it on to the fitting.

IOS>Settings>Restrictions>Passcode Wha ???


I had a problem with my iPhone. Somehow I had another password buried in my Settings. It caused a lot of problems, most notably it made the App Store App icon disappear keeping me from Updating any of my Apps.
There are two ways a Restrictions>Passcode is on your phone.
1. Your parents put it there to keep you from downloading expensive games from the App Store. This is not about that. or
2. You discover that  you can not get a new App or update an old App on you iPhone. Eventually you discover there's another password: known as Passcode in your settings. You have no idea how it got there. 

Apple would not allow me to post the following: (someone complained that 2014 this was still a not uncommon problem) [ added after Apple's rejection]
 

Feb 2016 IOS 9.2.1 Same problem is still going on.  Apple Care wasn't much help with Restrictions>Passcode. I finally figured out the sequence of events that leads to this mess. It's not your fault, it's not magic, it's not a bug--it's really just bad design. It's a trap.

First of all, kiddies who are trying to get around Restrictions? This doesn't apply. Your parents intentionally sought to use this to keep you out of trouble. They knew what they were doing when they setup the passcode. [psst: try grandma's birthday]
This is for the rest of us who stumbled into this: We are poking around the Settings investigating and learning. Probably those of us who uncheck the box "Please send me info every day, even better every five minutes!'
We see Restrictions. OK, what is this? We enter and we are immediately presented with a menu of stuff, and at the top it says, "Enable Restrictions" OK we're curious so we select the button and we are asked to enter a Passcode.
This key pad looks different than the one [you see] when you wake-up your phone. (I remembered it as being in a different order, like phones and calculators are different. It is not.) So you type in your PassWORD.  Mine is longer than 4 digits. This causes a problem, [but] as soon as you enter 4 digits the code is set and you go to the next step [no enter button to push, no moment of reflection]-you've just triggered the trap before you were aware something was different.   But you don't know this yet because you are looking at the lists of options that [seem like they will] should make your phone less intrusive: Push Notifications, Please Annoy Often and with strange noises, etc...  terrific. Good, [you think] I no longer want my phone to remind me in the middle of a meeting that I need to update Angry Toads...
But now [when you select some of the options for] the App Store[, it] disappears, along with the ability to update Apps when you select some of the options for it, [B]ut there is no way to know this until two weeks[, or two months] later when your Audible App stops working. You call for help, they tell you, update the app--but you can't find the App Store icon to do this..
Eventually you figure out it's this Restrictions thing and the Passcode is not your Password--You don't know what it is, because you don't remember setting it up. If it is the first four digits of your Pass[word]code you are in, and you are not reading this...
What happened to me is this turned out to be a variation of my password. I think the different key pad may be to alert you to the fact that you are now doing something different, maybe some people get it, those of us looking for help missed this too subtle tip. (I will not be a beta tester of the AppleCar. [everybody knows pressing the Home button parks the car, nobody presses the Home button when they're on the freeway....])
Apple Care told me that if I tried it 6 times and failed, it would lock my phone and I would have to Restore to New: lose information, my text messages and my mind.

This is not the case. After you fail for the 6th time, it just starts making you wait. First 1 minute. I got in on the 7th attempt, so I don't know what happens after that, but the best sources say 5 minutes, 15, 30 then 60 minutes. Some people report that they are on their 180th attempt, others that if you manually change the time on your phone you can just change the clock ahead and keep trying.

What I did. I made a list of the most likely numbers. First of all your Password, probably variations and [remember] only 4 digits--what do you sometimes mix up? If you are here reading this, you've already tried the first four digits of your password and it didn't work. Also we all have a couple of numbers we use for moderate security,  which if you are not trying to keep your kids out of trouble you might have used.
This Restrictions Passcode happens because it is one of those many areas in our digital world where as soon as you move on to the next step, you completely forget what just happened--the design of it almost guarantees this will happen. The less you know about Restrictions, the more likely you are to get in this mess.

I can tell you a number, then say 'remember it, I'll ask you for it later,'  I'll then change the subject. When I ask you five minutes later for the number you won't have a clue. It's why it's so easy to forget someone's name when you first meet.
Make the list, because as you get frustrated you will forget or doubt your accuracy. (This is why asking for a password once a week helps you remember it, but every fifteen minutes or every five minutes or every 10 seconds screws you up.) When you have your list, start working through it. If you first make a back-up to iTunes, after you get to the 30 minute waits, you can revert to the back-up. This should reset the Failed Attempts count, but I'm not sure. Restoring to a back-up, unless the Passcode is brand new, will not remove it.
I lost a full day and a lot of frustration because Apple Care scared me and I didn't want to risk that 6th attempt. I finally got through at the 7th.
This nonsense should not be happening to us 30 years into personal computing.<<end
Now is this so bad that Apple wouldn't allow me to share it with others?
Who's Big Brother now?

Saturday, June 6, 2015

Aleut Iqyax (Baidarka) (MAE 593) construction begun

I've started working towards a goal I've had ever since reading George Dyson's 1992 Scientific American article on the Aleut Baidarka. I've been building and paddling strip built kayaks for ten years now--it's time to build a skin boat.
Here's where I am as a paddler. I launch about once a week, more now that I'm on summer break, paddling the Santa Monica Bay. Conditions are usually quite calm--this ain't the Bering Sea. My current 'yak is a Guillemot Mystery with a modified deck.  This  is a very narrow racing kayak, 20 feet long about 18" beam, Swede form design.
I thought that the calm conditions of the Santa Monica Bay and my general courses being straight lines for long distances that I'd quickly get used to the minimal stability. This wasn't the case. Another critical factor, is I paddle solo. Last summer I had two incidents serious enough to cause me to carefully consider what changes I needed to make before heading back out to sea.  I added outriggers. Looks terrible, works great.
Even before I added the outriggers I don't think I gained any significant speed (over distance) than I was getting with the 17'6" (23" beam) Great Auk design. The Great Auk is a pretty fast kayak for it's dimensions, over the years, when I had a GPS, I  clocked a consistent 4.3 knots. Not doing much better with the Mystery hull is probably more about my paddling than it is about the hull. With the outriggers I'm a bit low in the stern--which is a factor. I think I have a strong consistent stroke--but I'm an old man...so....
Which leads me to building an Aleut Iqyax. I'm after speed. I'd like to learn more about how the Aleuts were so frequently observed, by reliable and trained observers (Captain Cook's navigator) at 10+ knots. These are Olympic 1000 and 2000 meter paddling speeds.
For me two issues immediately are raised. First, I wasn't able to get a racing kayak up to any significant speed, and second, I'm not good in a narrow hull. Do I build a wide Baidarka? I'm not after faking it. I don't want to build something that looks like an Iqyax, I want to build an Iqyax as close to those historically fast 'yaks as I can.
Of course I'll test what I build as built. I won't go too far out to sea.
But I'm also building a craft I can use ever week hammering out a 3 hour run. Unless the Iqyax is somehow significantly more stable than the Mystery, I'll have to (again) carefully consider stability and safety.
I intend to use a traditional paddle, wood with some buoyancy in the blades. This will help. I intend to try a very long paddle. This should give me more stability and better bracing.
But I intend to once again use outriggers. Ideally a single outrigger like a Polynesian canoe. I just don't think I know enough to be able to hang a couple of pounds off one side.
My current outriggers are supported by ~8' aluminum poles, so removing one side wouldn't be easy. Also the large turning radius of a 20' hull with no rocker is an issue.
For the Iqyax I'll need to make very lightweight outriggers, and I want to make them independently deployable, and adjustable. They will swing down, being adjustable to three positions. 1. high up, to clear the launching dock. 2. All the way down, so they just touch the water (the standard outrigger mode) and 3. just above the water, so they are more like secondary stability. In this third position I'm hoping to have the safety margin and the stability, but also be able to improve my balance through practice. If I'm balanced, the outrigger amas won't be touching the water.
After paddling for many months with the outriggers I think there's a place for them on kayaks. They add a significant safety margin. I see the day when lightweight easily deployable outriggers are an option for all kayaks. Right now with the exception of Polynesian outrigger designs, outriggers are clunky stuff, not very practical.

So what Iqyax do I want to make? Anyone who knows about this subject can probably already guess.  Two basic choices, (I've already said I go solo)  are the upturned bifid bow design in Wolfgang Brinck's book and courses, and the MAE 593 design that has the straight bifid bow--the seaweed catcher.  It's this design I want to build.
First, I think it is closer to the Iqyaxs of legend. The Russians when they invaded the Aleutians banned the super fast kayak designs. As far as I know there are no extent examples of these super fast designs. Historians and historical engineers (us), can only extrapolate backwards, squint at drawings and read and re-read accounts of these craft.

My current thinking about Iqyax design:
1. I'm bigger than they were. I'm 5'8 and 177 pounds. I might not be taller, but I'm a lot heavier.  I think the Robert Morris modified design of MAE 593 (it's longer 19'3" and slightly wider by about 5%)
2. What I understand of the flexibility is this: I think the two parts of the bifid bow could slide past each other to some degree. This may also be true at the stern. The keelson is in three parts. I think they 'hinge' at the two curved joints-but otherwise their height makes them rigid.
I think the long deck beams flexed a bit. I think the lashings on the two bow parts and possibly the stern plate are meant to be parallel so the two bow plates can slide little. The stern plate would slide against the keelson. The ribs might slide against the keelson--but I don't know enough to even speculate on this. The side to side flexibility indicated by the bow and aft cross pieces, I also don't know enough about.
I'm going to try to build it so the bow and stern can move up and down a bit, but the other movements I don't know enough to attempt anything.
(I feel confident about the two bow pieces. I think the best argument is that if these didn't move, then there's no reason not to have stitched through the gap instead of all the extra sewing required by the gap.)
3. I'm building it cheap. #3 pine. In some of the instructions for constructing a baidarka, it says to try to get the angles right, but they might not quite work. It also recommends using clear lumber so the flex and curves will match side to side. I'm an old carpenter, I know that most 2x4s aren't perfectly straight, but that the wall will be. So far what I've done proves this to be a reasonable assumption. The Aleuts didn't have lumberyards or table saws, they had to split their gunwales out of logs. Splitting and knots are incompatible. With a table saw knots aren't an issue.
4. My basic premise is that if I can build a very light, very narrow, very shallow iqyax, make an adjustable length paddle that can be from 6' to 14' long, that testing it using a gps, in the same water/wind (basically stay inside the seawall) I should be able to get some numbers indicating which paddle length, technique is close to what the Aleuts once did.


Saturday, April 18, 2015

Brief Update

I haven't done anything with my blog in quite sometime.  So here's a brief update:
1. The outriggers for my kayak. They work fine. I really need to post some photos and drawings. I think I've learned a few things that might be useful to others. I designed two outriggers, sandwiched insulating foam with plywood, cut them out, carved them and only used one layer 6 oz fiberglass. I made the crumbiest frame to connect them to my deck. Then the only thing I didn't expect happened.
It worked (almost) the first time. The only change I had to make was to extend the aluminum poles 9 inches on each side (so 18" wide hull, 3 feet 9 inches centerline deck to centerline of ama outrigger). The first time I went out my paddle was hitting the front of the outrigger floats. The extra inches completely solved that problem.

2. My DIY notebooks. I thought I loaded some images.... guess not. Well it's 1 year four months, I'm on my 5th or 6th notebook and they work great. Several months ago I made a whole stack of them. I also made some that had dots instead of lines, for technical drawing. I like them a lot.
One thing I learned is that the weight of the paper determines how heavy and how thick the notebook will be. I use standard inkjet, laser, 20 lbs paper. Anything thinner becomes hard to find, but also becomes a bleed through problem--unless it's coated. My notebooks are 100 sheets, 200 pages and I fill them up. I found plastic folders at Office Depot that I cut away a bit of the pocket flaps near the fold, my notebooks slip right in. I haven't been able to find any nice leather holders that would work as well, also no other folder except these Office Depot ones work.
Again, I need to post some photos.

3. Still thinking of new ideas. Recently reading about Gustave Whitehead, a Connecticut, inventor who clearly didn't invent the airplane before the Wright Brothers. Looking at photos and a reproduction of this best model, and also thinking about Langley, it's very clear that no one really had any idea of what an airplane should look like before the Wrights. Lillienthal's gliders worked and seem to be the model for most of the wings used by everyone prior to the Wrights, but I wonder if Whitehead and Langely really had much understanding. Lillienthal's wings seem structured like those in Leonardo's drawings, umbrellas, etc...
It doesn't surprise me that after the Wright Brothers Langley and others showed that pre-Wright designs could also fly. Sure, and  Kelly Johnson and Lockheed's Skunk Works proved they could fly anything.
So I'm not trying to harangue Langley and Whitehead, what I want to say is that the next thing that will fly, or travel through water, is not going to look like an airplane. The Wright Brothers copied Lillienthal, then they took it all apart and began testing every element of what they understood. They made more gliders and then in 1903 they made a plane that actually flew, but was so flawed it was almost uncontrollable. They soon improved on this, and lots of other people improved on it.
Only in the past couple of months have I found anyone on the net asking the question I've been asking, What's the slowest speed something can fly?
What I'm really asking is, what does the flying vehicle that uses the least amount of energy, look like?
We have two ways of looking at this. The Kestral high performance sailplane and ground effect wings.
Well, more later.

Saturday, May 24, 2014

Ama for a kayak

May 24, 2014
I’ve been poking around the internet looking for information on amas, aka outrigger (usually 1 on one side.)
Here’s what I understand so far:
1. Amas on one side of an outrigger have two basic functions. 1. to provide supportive buoyancy when the ama enters the water. When  the canoe leans on that side, the ama keeps it from tipping or rolling over. 2. The second function of an ama is to provide a counterbalance to tipping on the side that doesn’t have an ama. A theoretical ama that has no mass would work in one direction only.
I’ve seen some discussion of adding weight to amas but nothing conclusive.

An ama in the water should be designed so as not to create significant drag that would slow down the canoe or cause it to turn. Outrigger canoes with amas can be longer and narrower even longer and narrower than surf skis. Outrigger canoes are usually about 25% faster than kayaks.

The outrigger ‘arms’ that hold the ama are usually one fore and one aft of the paddler. I’ve seen mention of single arm amas, but none that seem practical. There’s a lot of leverage on an ama.
My concern about placement of the arms is I still want to use a double bladed kayak paddle which is used differently than are the single blade outrigger paddle.

A typical kayak paddle float is 3” x 18” x 8” (NRS), displaces about .25 cubic feet, or more useful: 7.07 liters so it has a buoyancy of 7.07 liters (minus the weight of the float...which is minimal).
This is a special temporary outrigger device. If you remember practicing with a paddle float you should remember doing it a bit wrong, submerging the float. Once a float is submerged, the upward force does not increase, so a firmly attached float that is submerged can travel 180 degrees.
This is the submarine problem. Inventors would add more and more ballast until they reach neutral buoyancy, once neutral buoyancy is reached, the submerged object could sink or rise to just about any level in the water. Water being incompressible makes a submarine different from a lighter than air balloon which does reach a level based on buoyancy, pressure, etc.. and then will tend to stay there.
What used to happen to early submarine experimenters is that once submerged the vessel would just sink right to the bottom. Modern subs tweak buoyancy and have dive planes. If a sub reaches  particular depth, if it levels off, it looses its up and down momentum and so is better able to keep a particular depth.  I don’t claim expertise on this. My point is that once an outrigger or paddle float is submerged its usefulness is severely diminished.

Where we get this wrong (usually when we are about 15 years old and male) is when we try to push a ball down into the water. It seems to get harder and harder so we gain a false understanding that pushing it deeper will be even harder. It isn’t. Before we find this out, the ball has slipped through our hands popped out of the water and smashed us in the face. We are then reluctant to repeat the experiment.

All of this is why many discussions of amas say that an ama should be able to support the displacement of the whole craft (the weight)
Do not design and paddle an ama based on this article, it is far from complete. Frankly, I’m surprised how all the information on this subject seems so disconnected. This is a result of three factors. 1. An ama means many different things, I get sites that discuss 60 foot trimarans, and 23 foot outriggers and hollowed out traditional Polynesian craft. 2. The web seems to be fragmenting, where the challenge used to be finding the right terms to query, increasingly what comes up in google is uniformed discussion, chitchat, a discussion among experts or one that started a long time ago. (More and more problems I have with my Apple computer that I search for solutions instead brings up complete and utter nonsense. Apparently fewer and fewer people who actually know anything post in Apple’s Support blogs. (I can’t figure which Apple password to use, so I stopped bothering. See my comments about wireless Magic Mouse batteries above).

Why am I posting this? First of all, why I’ve been thinking about amas: I have a 20’ kayak that is 18” wide that I’ve found to be a bit too tippy. I like paddling solo, miles off the coast, so this vessel seems too dangerous. (No complaints) If I can add an ama, I get to tinker (which I enjoy) and I should wind up with a hybrid (bastard) kayak that is even more stable than my wider 23” kayak. It’s worth giving it a go.
The reason I’m posting this is that I considered making a very small ama that would keep me from rolling. This would work but not in the range of situations it should or I might assume it would.
I am still not sure of how much buoyancy I need. I do intend to make one, make it using foam (if there’s a breach a foam filled ama will still float, a waterlogged one won’t).

Amas also work another way. The design and the angle of the keel make their first effect like that of a kayak paddle brace. They skim the water providing enough upward force to stop the roll.
Another facet of this idea is that amas become increasingly buoyant the deeper they are submerged. This doesn’t contradict what I’ve written above. As more volume of the ama is submerged more water is displaced, so more buoyancy is achieved.
A well designed ama should provide enough ‘skim’ to minimize the drag of a hull moving through the water. It should be long, often 3/4 the length of the outrigger canoe. Hull speed applies here--long and narrow is a more efficient hull than short and wide. Finally they are tall so they progressively submerge only to the depth needed to proved the amount of buoyant force needed for the particular situation.
Finally, if submerged or nearly submerged,  they should be able to buoyantly support the entire weight of the craft and the paddler. This keeps the canoe from rolling completely over. In catamarans, especially racing boats, this allows them to ride up on one hull without it sinking in and rolling over.

I’ll add updates when I have some results.

Note: I apologize for not posting more photographs, videos, drawings, etc…. This is inexcusable for a professional photographer. My only excuse is that no one seems to be reading, or even to have noticed, this blog. So, I guess it doesn’t matter.